Constant - Voltage and Constant - Current Charging in Power Chargers

　　Constant - voltage and constant - current (CV/CC) charging is a widely used method in power chargers, especially for rechargeable batteries. In the constant - current (CC) phase, the charger supplies a fixed amount of current to the battery. This is the initial stage of charging when the battery has a relatively low state of charge. By maintaining a constant current, the battery can be charged efficiently without overheating or causing damage due to excessive current. For example, a lithium - ion battery may be charged at a constant current of 1A until it reaches a certain voltage level.

　　Once the battery voltage reaches a predefined value, the charger switches to the constant - voltage (CV) phase. In this phase, the charger maintains a fixed voltage while the charging current gradually decreases as the battery becomes more charged. The constant - voltage charging ensures that the battery is not overcharged, which could lead to battery swelling, reduced lifespan, or even safety hazards. As the battery approaches full charge, the current draw drops significantly, and the charger will eventually stop charging when the current falls below a certain threshold.

　　The CV/CC charging method offers several advantages. It maximizes the charging efficiency, extends the battery's lifespan, and ensures safe and reliable charging. It is suitable for a wide range of battery chemistries, including lithium - ion, lead - acid, and nickel - metal hydride batteries. However, it requires precise control circuits in the charger to accurately monitor and adjust the voltage and current throughout the charging process.

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