Principle of Lightning Protection Function for Linear Adapters

　　Lightning strikes pose a significant threat to electronic devices, and linear adapters need effective protection mechanisms. The principle of lightning protection in linear adapters is mainly based on the concept of diverting and dissipating the high - energy surge caused by lightning.

　　At the core of the lightning protection system are surge protection devices (SPDs). Metal - oxide varistors (MOVs) are commonly used SPDs in linear adapters. MOVs have a non - linear electrical characteristic. Under normal operating voltage conditions, they exhibit high resistance, allowing minimal current to flow through them. However, when a lightning - induced high - voltage surge occurs, the resistance of the MOV drops rapidly, creating a low - resistance path for the surge current.

　　The lightning protection process begins when a lightning - induced surge reaches the adapter. The MOV quickly activates and conducts the surge current to the ground. This diverts the high - energy surge away from the sensitive internal circuits of the adapter. In addition to MOVs, gas - discharge tubes (GDTs) can also be used in combination. GDTs can handle extremely high surge currents and are effective in initial surge suppression. They work by ionizing the gas inside the tube when a high - voltage surge is detected, creating a conductive path for the surge.

　　To ensure the effectiveness of the lightning protection, proper grounding is crucial. A well - designed grounding system provides a low - impedance path for the surge current to flow safely into the earth. The grounding conductor should have a large cross - sectional area and be connected to a reliable grounding electrode. Additionally, the lightning protection circuit should be designed to quickly recover after a surge event, ensuring that the adapter can continue to operate normally without any damage to its internal components.

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