Transformer online monitoring technology is a critical innovation in the field of power systems, enabling real-time monitoring of transformer performance to prevent failures and ensure the reliability of electrical grids. Transformers are essential components in power transmission and distribution, converting high-voltage electricity from power plants to low-voltage electricity for industrial and residential use. Any failure in a transformer can lead to widespread power outages, causing significant economic losses and disrupting daily life. Online monitoring technology addresses this risk by continuously collecting and analyzing data on key transformer parameters, allowing operators to detect potential issues early and take proactive maintenance measures.

The core of transformer online monitoring technology lies in its sensors and data analysis systems. Sensors are installed on the transformer to measure parameters such as oil temperature, winding temperature, partial discharge (PD), dissolved gas in oil (DGA), and load current. Oil temperature and winding temperature are critical indicators of transformer health—abnormal increases can signal issues such as overloading, insulation degradation, or core faults. Partial discharge refers to the localized electrical discharge within the transformer’s insulation, which, if left unchecked, can lead to insulation breakdown. Dissolved gas analysis involves detecting and measuring the concentration of gases such as methane, ethane, and acetylene in the transformer’s insulating oil—these gases are produced by the decomposition of insulation materials due to overheating or electrical stress, providing early warning of internal faults.

The data collected by the sensors is transmitted to a central monitoring system, where advanced algorithms and machine learning models analyze the information in real time. These systems can identify trends, anomalies, and potential faults, generating alerts for operators when parameters exceed safe thresholds. For example, a sudden increase in acetylene gas levels might indicate a serious fault in the transformer’s windings, prompting operators to shut down the transformer for inspection and repair before a catastrophic failure occurs. Transformer online monitoring technology not only reduces the risk of unplanned outages but also extends the lifespan of transformers by enabling condition-based maintenance—instead of scheduling maintenance at fixed intervals, operators can perform repairs only when necessary, reducing maintenance costs and minimizing downtime. In modern power grids, this technology is indispensable for ensuring the stability, efficiency, and safety of electrical power supply.

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