source:Industry News Popular:adapter release time:2021-12-25 09:52:52 Article author:sznbone
In the process of using rechargeable batteries, chemical batteries or physical batteries, the charger is an important device for its successful use. Therefore, once the rechargeable battery is born, the charger is a key issue, because the quality of the charger directly affects the two components of the battery. An important technical indicator: the use capacity of the rechargeable battery; the number of cycles of the rechargeable battery, that is, the service life. However, until the 1960s, the charger technology did not make great progress. The commonly used methods are mainly constant current or constant voltage charging methods, and the charging effect is not very satisfactory. This situation did not prove that constant current or constant voltage charging was not the most suitable method until the 1960s, based on the principle of the lowest outgassing rate rechargeable curve, found that the acceptable charging current of the battery decreased exponentially with time. Because during constant current charging, the initial charging current is always lower than the acceptable capacity of the battery, resulting in low charging efficiency and long charging time. In the later stage of charging, the final charging current is always higher than the acceptable level of the battery. Therefore, the gas evolution rate inside the battery continues to increase. At the end of the charge, all the charging current is supplied to the gas to precipitate. The internal voltage of the battery increases rapidly, and the battery temperature also rises rapidly, causing the active material to fall off on each charging electrode, which greatly greatly The battery life is reduced, and the constant voltage charging method has extremely low internal resistance of the battery in the initial stage of charging, which causes the charging current to be too large, and it does not decrease exponentially over time and often deviates from the established curve.
According to the charging curve research experiment, so-called two-stage, three-stage or more-stage charging has been proposed. The so-called two-stage charging refers to first charging the battery with constant current or constant voltage, when the battery voltage reaches a certain level, then trickle charging the battery: the so-called three-stage charging is generally to first charge the battery with constant current, wait for the battery voltage When the voltage threshold is reached, it transforms into the second stage, the so-called voltage-limiting charging stage. When the charging current is small to a certain extent, it transforms into the third stage. This is the so-called voltage limiting charging. In addition, due to the needs of practical applications, it is often desirable to quickly charge the battery. There are two other important factors that affect the rapid charging of the charger: one is the polarization voltage; the other is the memory effect, where the polarization voltage is the reverse voltage generated by the accumulation of charges on the battery electrodes during the charging process. With regard to the increase of the internal resistance of the battery, the effective way to eliminate it is to use a negative pulse method to discharge the charge accumulated on the electrodes instantaneously at both ends of the battery. And the resulting pulse charging method: Not all batteries have the memory effect, which can be eliminated by charging and discharging multiple times. The above two effects should be paid attention to in the design of the charge controller.
In fact, the charge controller has made considerable progress in recent years. An obvious sign is that most semiconductor manufacturers in the world have produced their own charger chips, and some also have a central processing unit (ie, CPU). Although there have been many charging methods and they have certain effects, most of them have overlooked an important fact, that is, rechargeable batteries do not work in an ideal state, and each battery has its own unique personality. To be precise, each rechargeable battery has its own charging and discharging curve that is different from that of other or even similar batteries. The curve even changes dynamically during the charging process, which means that a good charging control mode should be changed. And it should be consistent with the change of the battery's charge and discharge curve to be the best. In fact, every battery always has an optimal charging current and charging mode at any time during charging. The question is how can we approach this optimal value.
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