Transformer oil, also known as insulating oil, plays three crucial roles in power transformers. Firstly, it acts as an excellent insulating medium. Due to its high dielectric strength, it effectively isolates the live parts of the transformer, preventing short circuits and ensuring the safe operation of the equipment. Secondly, it serves as a cooling agent. During the operation of the transformer, core loss and copper loss generate a large amount of heat. The transformer oil circulates to absorb this heat and dissipate it through the radiator, maintaining the transformer within a safe temperature range. Thirdly, it helps prevent oxidation and corrosion of the transformer's internal components. It forms a protective film on the surface of metal parts, isolating them from air and moisture, thereby extending the service life of the transformer.

　　To ensure the performance of transformer oil, a series of detection methods are employed. The dielectric strength test is one of the most important. It measures the maximum voltage that the oil can withstand without breakdown, which directly reflects its insulating capacity. The water content test is also essential because excessive water in the oil will significantly reduce its dielectric strength and accelerate the aging of insulation materials. Common methods include Karl Fischer titration and coulometric titration. The acidity test detects the acid content in the oil. Over time, transformer oil may oxidize to form organic acids, which can corrode metal parts and degrade insulation. Additionally, the tan delta test (dissipation factor test) evaluates the insulation performance of the oil by measuring the ratio of the loss component to the capacitive component of the current passing through the oil. Other tests such as interfacial tension, sludge content, and dissolved gas analysis (DGA) are also used to comprehensively assess the quality and condition of transformer oil, enabling timely maintenance and replacement to ensure the reliable operation of the transformer.

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